マカは「天然のバイアグラ」と呼んでいます・・・原住民のインディオは!!!マカといえばあの国この国ドットコム。マカを最重要商品として扱い、最高品質マカの品揃え。２倍濃縮のマカはダブル効果で超人気。マカ粒あり、マカパウダーの粉末あり、クリスピマカのフレークもあり。化学肥料無しで育てられた全て天然のマカ。海抜3400から3800メートルのJuninという所に位置しているMeseta de Bombという場所で収穫されているマカです。マカ購入ページ
  左の写真が、マカの根っこの原料です。
厚生省の食品検査のために取り寄せたマカそのものです。これを乾燥させてマカの粉末を作ります。
アンデスの荒涼とした高地に育つ根菜類のマカ。アンデス人参とも呼ばれインカ帝国時代以前より栽培され、夫婦円満の秘訣の植物として知られ、勝利の後の褒美として用いられていたほど珍重されていたようです。
ペルーのメーカーがマカの写真と明細を送ってきました。英語ですが一応載せておきます。
Nutrition
facts
:
%
Protein (g/100g) (f x 6,25)
11 - 17
Carbohydrates
70 - 75
Total reducing sugars
9 - 12
Fat (g/100g)
1
-
2
Calcium
(mg/100g)
400
-
550
Iron (mg/100g)
10
-
15
Phosphorus (mg/100g)
180
-
300
Sodium (mg/100g)
86
-
88
Potassium (mg/100g)
700
-
1.300
Riboflavin (mg/100g)
0,70
-
1,30
Vitamin C (mg/100g)
20
-
30
Zinc (mg/100g)
3
-
4
Microbiological
limits
:
Total aerobic microbial count
Max. 100 ufc/g
Yeast and mould
Max.
60 ufc/g
|
Aminoacids
|
g/100
g of protein
|
|
Serine
Histidine
Glycine
Threonine
Alanine
Arginine
Tyrosine
Phenylalaninine
Valine
Methionine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
HO-Proline
|
5.1
2.2
6.8
3.3
6.3
9.9
3.1
5.5
7.9
2.8
4.7
9.1
5.4
2.7
|
Alkaloids
Amino Acids :
Arginine, Glutamine, Glycine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine,
Phenylalanine, Serine, Valine.
Fatty Acids
:Lauric, Myristic, Palmitic, Palmitoleic, Linoleic, Oleic, Stearic,
Tridecanoic, Pentadecanoic, Heptadecanoic.
Vitamins
: A, B1, B2, B3, B12, C, D, & E
Minerals
: Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silicon, Zinc
Sterols :Brassicasterol,
Ergosterol, Ergostadienol, Sitosterol, Stigmasterol
Carbohydrates,
Protein
Isothiocyanates
: benzil , p-methoxybenzyl
Saponins,
Tannins.
**************************************************************
Family:
Brassicaceae
Genus:
Lepidium
Species:
meyenii
Common names:
Maca, Peruvian Ginseng, Maka, Maino, Ayak chichira, Ayuk Willku
Part Used:
Roots
Maca is a hardy perennial plant cultivated
high in the Andean Mountain at altitudes from 11,000-14,500 feet.(1) It has
one of the highest frost tolerances among native cultivated species. It has a
low-growing, mat-like stem system which at times goes unnoticed in a farmer's
field.(2) Its scalloped leaves lie close to the ground and it produces
self-fertile small off-white flowers typical to the mustard family which it
belongs to. The part used is the tuberous root which is pear shaped, up to 8
cm in diameter and off-white in color. Unlike many other tuberous plants, Maca
is propagated by seed.(2) Although it is a perennial, it is grown as an
annual, and 7-9 months from planting are required to produce the harvested
roots. The area where Maca is found high in the Andes is an inhospitable
region of intense sunlight, violent winds and below freezing weather. With its
extreme temperatures and poor rocky soil, the area rates among the world's
worst farmland, yet over the centuries, Maca learned to flourish under these
conditions. Maca was domesticated about 2000 years ago by the Inca Indians(1)
and primitive cultivars of Maca have been found in archaeological sites dating
as far back as 1600 B.C.(3, 4)
To the Andean Indians, Maca is a valuable
commodity. Because so little else grows in the region, Maca is often traded
with communities at lower elevations for other staples like rice, corn, and
beans. The dried roots can be stored for up to seven years. Native Peruvians
have traditionally utilized Maca since before the time of the Incas for both
nutritional and medicinal purposes (1) Maca is an important staple in the
diets of the people indigenous to the region since it has the highest
nutritional value of any food crop grown there. It is rich in sugars, protein,
starches, and essential minerals, especially iodine and iron. The tuber is
consumed fresh or dried. The fresh roots are considered a treat and are baked
or roasted in ashes much like sweet potatoes. The dried roots are stored and
later boiled in water or milk to make a porridge. (3, 4, 5) In addition, they
are often made into a popular sweet, fragrant, fermented drink called maca
chicha. (2, 3) In Huancayo, Peru, even Maca jam and pudding are
popular.(3) The tuberous roots have a tangy taste and an aroma similar to
butterscotch.
Maca has been used medicinally for centuries
to enhance fertility in humans and animals.(2, 4, 5, 6, 9) Soon after the
Spanish Conquest in the South America, the Spanish found that their livestock
were reproducing poorly in the highlands. The local Indians recommended
feeding the animals Maca and so remarkable were the results that Spanish
chroniclers gave in-depth reports.(3) Even Colonial records of some 200 years
ago indicate that payments of roughly 9 tons of Maca were demanded from one
Andean area alone for this purpose.(4, 5) Its fertility enhancing properties
were supported clinically as early as 1961, when researchers discovered it
increased the fertility of rats.(7) This energizing plant is also referred to
as Peruvian ginseng, (1, 2, 4) although Maca is not in the same family as
ginseng.
The nutritional value of dried Maca root is
high, resembling cereal grains such as maize, rice and wheat. It has 59%
carbohydrates, 10.2% protein, 8.5% fiber and 2.2% lipids.(5) It has a large
amount of essential amino acids and higher levels of iron and calcium than
potatoes.(8) Maca contains important amounts of fatty acids including
linolenic, palmitic and oleic acids. It is rich in sterols and has a high
mineral content as well.(5) In addition to its rich supply of essential
nutrients, Maca contains alkaloids, tannins and saponins.(3, 8) A chemical
analysis conducted in 1981 showed the presence of biologically active aromatic
isothiocyanates, especially p-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, which have reputed
aphrodisiac properties.(4) Initial analysis of Maca indicate that the effects
on fertility are a result of the glucosinolates.(3, 4, 8) Alkaloids are also
present, but have not yet been quantified.(8)
Maca is growing in world popularity due to
its energizing effects, fertility enhancement and aphrodisiac qualities. Other
traditional uses include increasing energy, stamina and endurance in athletes,
promoting mental clarity, treating male impotence, and helping with menstrual
irregularities and female hormonal imbalances including menopause and chronic
fatigue syndrome.(1, 10) It is used as an alternative to anabolic steroids by
bodybuilders due to its richness in sterols.(10) Today, dried Maca roots are
ground to powder and sold in drug stores in capsules as a medicine and food
supplement to increase stamina and fertility.(4, 11) In Peruvian herbal
medicine, Maca is also used as an immunostimulant, for anemia, tuberculosis,
menstrual disorders, menopause symptoms, stomach cancer, sterility and other
reproductive and sexual disorders as well as to enhance memory.(11)
The cultivation of Maca is increasing in the
highlands of the Andes to meet the growing demand world wide for medicinal
uses.(4, 12) In this severely economically depressed region, the market
created for Maca will offer new and important sources of income for the
Indigenous Peoples of the Andes. A new cultivar of Maca has been identified in
the major growing regions of the highlands which will supply much of this new
demand and it has been named Lepidium peruvianum Chacon sp.(12)
USES : Anemia,
Aphrodisiac, Energy, Fertility, Impotence, Memory, Menopause, Menstrual Tonic,
Tuberculosis
Footnotes:
Rea, J. 1992. Raices andinas: maca. in
Bermejo, H. and Leon, J.E., eds., Cultivos marginados, otra perspectiva
de 1492.
King, Steven, 1986. "Ancient Buried
Treasure of the Andes," Garden, November/December.
Report of an Ad Hoc Panel of the
Advisory Committee on Technical Innovation, Board on Science and
Technology for International Development, National Research Council, 1989.
Lost Crops of the Incas: Little Known Plants of the Andes with Promise
for Worldwide Cultivation.
Johns, T. 1981. The anu and the maca. Journal
of Ethnobiology, 1:208-212
Quiros, C. et al., "Physiological
Studies and Determination of Chromosome Number in Maca, Lepidium
Meyenii." Economic Botany 50(2) pp. 216-223. 1996
Leon, J. 1964. The "maca" (Lepidium
Meyenii) a little known food plant of Peru. Economic Botany.
18:122-127
Chacon, R.C., 1961. Estudio
fitoquimico de Lepidium meyenii. Dissertation, Univ., Nac. Mayo de San
marcos, Peru.
Dini, A., et.al., 1994., "Chemical
composition of Lepidium meyenii," Food Chemistry 49:
347-349.
"Plant Medicine's Importance
Stressed by CSU Professor," HerbalGram Magazine, Spring 1989,
p. 12.
Steinberg, P., 1995. Phil Steinberg's
Cat's Claw News, Vol. 1, Issue 2, July/August.
Gomez, A., "Maca, Es
alternativa Nutricional para el ano 2000." Informe Ojo con su
Salud No. 58 August 15, 1997, Lima Peru
Chacon, G., 1990. La maca (Lepidium
peruvianum) Chacon sp. Nov. Y su habitat. Revista Peruana de Biologia 3:
171-272
Efect of a lipidic extract
from Lepidium meyenii on sexual behaviour in mice and rats
Bo Ling Zheng, Kan He, Calvin Hyungchan, et al.
Urology: 55 (4), 2000
Objectives:
To determine the effect or oral administration of a purified lipidic extract
from Lepidium meyenii (MacaPure M-01 and M-02) on the number of complete
intromission and mating in normal mice, and on the latent period of erection
(LPE) in rats with erectile dysfuntion.
Methods:
Mice and ratas were randomly divided into several experimental groups and
control groups. A 10 % ethanol suspension of M-01 and M-02 was orally
administered for 22 days to the experimental groups according to the dosage
specified by the experimental design. On day 22, 30 minutes after the dose
was administered to the male mice, 2 virgin female mice were placed with 1
male mouse. The number of complete intromissions of each male mouse in 3
hours was recorded. In an assessment of 1 day of mating , each male mouse
was cohabited with 5 estrous female mice overnight. The number of
sperm-positive females was recorded. The LPE was measured to assess the
sexual function in rats with erectile dysfunction. By using a YSD-4G multi
fuction instrument , an electric pulse at 20 V was applied to stimulate the
rat's penis, end the duration from the start of the stimulus to full
erection was measured in seconds as the LPE.
Results:
In the normal male mice, the number of complete intromissions during the 3
hour period was 16.33 +/- 1.78, 46.67 +/- 2.39 and 67.01 +/- 2.55 for the
control group, M-01 group, and M-02 group, respectively. In the assessment
of mating, the number of sperm positive females increase from 0.6 +/- 0.7 in
the control group to 1.5 +/- 0.5 in the M-01 experimental group. The LPE of
male rats with erectile dysfunction was 112 +/- 13 seconds with a regular
diet (control group). The oral administration of M-01 at a dose of 180 or
1800 mg/kg body weight and M-02? at a dose of 45, 180 or 1800 mg/kg body
weight reduced the LPE to 54 +/- 12 seconds, 54 +/- 13 seconds, 71 +/- 12
seconds, 73 +/- 12 seconds and? 41 +/- 13 seconds, respectively. The LPE of
the surgical rats treated with M-01 at the lowest dose (45 mg/kg) was 121
+/- 12 seconds; thus, the change was not significant.
Conclusions:
Oral administration of M-01 and M-02 enhanced the sexual function of the
mice rats, as evidenced by an increase in the number of complete
intromissions and the number of sperm positive females in normal mice, and a
decrease in the LPE in male rats with erectile dysfunction. The present
study reveals for the first time an aphrodisiac activity of Lepidium meyenii,
an Andean Mountain herb.
マカのすべて！
Keywords: maca, maka, macapower, andes ninjin,
carrot
|
